Multidimensional understanding of bipolar disorder: a mixed methods study on dysfunction, psychosocial support and integral well being

Abstract

This study addresses bipolar disorder from an integrative perspective that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, aiming to understand the complexity of this mental condition and its impact on the lives of patients at the Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Rest Center in Guayaquil. Through case analysis and the application of clinical instruments, common patterns were identified related to symptoms such as euphoria, irritability, pressured speech, racing thoughts, and reduced need for sleep, all of which significantly affect patients’ emotional and functional stability. A high incidence of biopsychosocial dysfunction was observed, particularly affecting the family, work, and emotional spheres. Furthermore, it was found that most patients experienced a late diagnosis, which prolonged manic and depressive episodes and hindered adherence to treatment. The study also revealed a lack of social support networks and limited access to comprehensive care from the health system, contributing to the chronicity of the disorder. In light of this, the need for cross-sectoral strategies is emphasized, combining pharmacological therapy with psychological support, community awareness programs, and inclusive public mental health policies. Addressing bipolar disorder requires a critical and humanizing perspective that promotes patient empowerment and facilitates social reintegration. This study contributes to the reflection on the shortcomings of the mental health care system in Guayaquil and proposes actions to strengthen support for individuals living with this condition.